Is there local transportation?

In the historic center of Florence everything is within walking distance; the farthest points would only be a 30 minute walk. However, Florence's transportation system is easy and efficient when you need to go outside of the center (e.g. Fiesole).

Buses generally run from 6am - 1am, with schedules varying by route. Tickets must be bought before boarding and validated automatically on board, or you will have to pay a fine of about $100. Tickets cost about Euro 1.25. You can get a bus map at the ATAF office outside the station. Bus tickets can be purchased at newspaper stands, tobacco shops ("Tabacchi") and some cafes.

Taxis are a good alternative.  Generally taxis cannot be hailed.

You must either go to the taxi stands in the main squares (Duomo, San Marco, Repubblica and Santa Croce) or to the train station.  You can call a taxi at one of the following numbers: 

055-4798, 055-4390 or 055-4242.